Anti-C1q Antibodies in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus

Anti-C1q Antibodies in Patients with Hepatitis B VirusAnti-C1q Antibodies in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus InfectionAhmed Elsadek Fakhr1, Emad Abdelhamid Morad1, Marc van Ranst2, and Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim3AbstractBackground Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with extrahepatic manifestations the mechanism of which is thought to be immune mediated. One of the autoantibodies accused to be associated with tissue injury in immune complex disorders is anti-C1q. This might be attributed to the ability of these autoantibodies to amplify complement activation in situ. To date, there are no data describing the preponderance of anti-C1q in patients with HBV infection.Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-C1q antibodies and analyze possible associations in a population with HBV infection.Materials and Methods Serum samples were collected from a group of 145 patients with HBV infection and 33 apparently healthy controls. Anti-C1q antibodies were quantified by ELISA.Results The levels of anti-C1q antibodies showed a highly statistically significant difference between HBV cases and controls as the mean SD were 21.28 38.72 and 6.56 5.73, respectively (pConclusions Patients with HBV infection exhibit increased production of anti-C1q antibodies. This observation whitethorn partially explain the tissue damage associated with the extrahepatic involvements of HBV.Keywords Anti-C1q antibodies autoantibodies Hepatitis InfectionBackgroundObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-C1q antibodies and analyze possible associations in a population with HBV infection.Patients, Materials, and MethodsEthical statementAll procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consents were obtained from all subjects enrolled in the study.Study picture and populationThe study was performed as a case control study on 2 groups. A total of 145 patients with HBV infection were enrolled in the first-year group. Of the 145 patients, 65, 64, and 16 were living in Iran, Belgium, and Egypt, respectively. Patients were classified into patients with acute hepatitis B diagnosed by seropositivity for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-Ag) and hepatitis B core IgM (HBc-IgM), and patients with chronic hepatitis B characterized by presence of HBs-Ag and HBc-IgG. The second group included 33 apparently healthy volunteers. Patients were excluded if they had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). One mL serum was collected from all enrolled subjects and stored at -20C till testing.Laboratory assessmentAnti-C1q determination in the collected serum samples was performed using commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit (QUANTA LiteTM Anti-C1q ELISA, INOVA Diagnostics, Inc., United States of America), as per the manufacturers instructions. The sample s were classified as negative, low positive, moderate positive or strong positive if the anti-C1q set were 80 units, respectively.Statistical analysisContinuous variables were expressed as the mean SD median (range), and the categorical variables were expressed as a number. Continuous variables were checked for atomic number 7 by using Shapiro-Wilk test. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare between both groups of non-normally distributed variables. Kruskal Wallis h test was used to compare between more than two groups of non-normally distributed variables. A p-value