Environmental and Cultural Impact of Bottled Water

Abstract An entrenched belief in people’s minds that bottled water is superior to tap water has triggered a chain of environmental and cultural challenges to policy makers and environmentalists in conserving the environment and while ensuring quality water for consumers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Environmental and Cultural Impact of Bottled Water specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The problem of disposing water bottles by enforcing policies for responsible waste bottle disposal, alternative forms of producing water bottles that are environmentally friendly and economically viable alternatives to justify the existence of water bottling industries in the society defines the problem statement. Specifically, the approach to solving the problem will span a careful investigation into the effects of bottled water and waste bottles in the environment, through the collection and analysis of primary data, inter viewing company executives that bottle water, and analyze methods used to curb environmental pollutions. Inn conclusion, these could result in efficient approaches to waste bottle disposal, provision of clean water in harmony with environmental and cultural environment and effective policy formulation and enforcement. Introduction Many and divergent views have been held over time by consumers of bottled water. Specifically, bottled water consumers have regarded this water as safe and of good quality for consumption. This belief has generated a chain of environmental and cultural concerns for policy makers and enforcers over the production and ineffective disposal methods. The research will focus on the impact and enforcement of disposal policies and environmental pollution, conduct an investigation into various areas, analyze different research methods, analyze research methods and draw conclusions from the study for effective approaches to environmental conservation in harmony with the cultural environment. The research will come up with strategic approaches to enforcing policies for environmental conservation, excellent and alternative methods of bottled water manufacture and better and viable alternatives for fuel saving in the production process. Body Thesis statement: Bottled water has had diverse environmental and cultural impacts spanning policy formulation and enforcement strategies. According to Hall (2007, p. 7), bottled water is a widely consumed product. This is an industry that many companies have strategically invested in. The wide usages of these products have environmental and cultural consequences that need to be addressed.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Goodman (2009, p.3), waste bottles when ineffectively disposed of litter and lead to environmental pollution that in the end become both culturally and environmentally destructive. This concern and the approaches used to manufacture these bottles is a course for concern to the researcher. In addition to that, the quest to provide quality water and efficient manufacturing processes and policy enforcement strategies will be the basis of the research. The specific audience will span policy makers and law enforcement agencies, environmental conservation groups and agencies, manufacturing and recycling companies, water bottling companies and individual consumers. To effectively formulate and implement policies for environmental conservation, the research will analyze the impact of those policies, analyze the quality of water in these bottles, the extent to which current bottle disposal approaches have polluted the environment, analyze consumer behavior and attitudes, company manufacturing and packaging methods, and critically look at available literature spanning all aspects of culture, the environment, and water consumption (Sharfstein,  2010, p. 1 ). Conclusion According to the research proposal, an analysis of the environmental impact of disposing waste water bottles, disposal methods, manufacturing methods, policy formulation and enforcement in the manufacturing methods and use of these bottles, and the quality of water sold out to the consumer formed the backbone of the research. In addition to that, various cultural attachments and consumer attitudes besides the recycling strategies and possible alternatives or efficient recycling methods and efficient fuel usage in the whole process was a vital consideration in the research. Reference List Goodman, S. (2009). Fewer regulations for bottled water than tap, GAO says. Web. Hall, N. (2007). Federal and State Laws Regarding Bottled Water – An Overview and Recommendations for Reform. Web.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Environmental and Cultural Impact of Bottled Water specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn Mor e Sharfstein. J.M. (2010). â€Å"Regulations of bottled water†. Web. This report on Environmental and Cultural Impact of Bottled Water was written and submitted by user Josue J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Environmental and cultural impact of bottled water

Oedipus Essays - Oedipus, Creon, Antigone, Jocasta, Operas, Ismene

Oedipus Essays - Oedipus, Creon, Antigone, Jocasta, Operas, Ismene Oedipus Oedipus and Antigone are blood relatives; and as in many relatives, they have both striking similarities and minor differences. Oedipus was the son of King Laus and Queen Jocasta. Oedipus was a very strong king during his reign until the city of Thebes was struck by a plague sent by the gods. Oedipus was a strong leader and the people of Thebes were happy during his time of leadership. Oedipus had a very short temper. When Creon brought the blind profit to speak with Oedipus and the profit told Oedipus that it was he who murdered the king, Oedipus flew into a rage and blamed Creon for the crime. Another example of Oedipuss enormous temper was when the three highways met and Oedipus wanted to go ahead of an old man and his workers. Oedipus had a tantrum and killed all but one man. This is now known as modern day road rage. Antigone was the daughter/sister of the former king of Thebes, Oedipus. Antigone was a very strong woman. She stuck up for what she believed even if the consequences were harsh, such as death. Antigone was a very stubborn woman. She always fought to get her way. An example of this is when there was a direct order from the king not to bury her brother because he was fighting against the city of Thebes. Creon the king stated, Anyone that buries that person will be sent to death by stoning. She does not care about this threat and buries her brother anyway. Antigone had a lot in common with her father/brother, Oedipus. Both Oedipus and Antigone had strong personalities. Antigone showed her mental strength when going to risk her life for the burial of her brother. Oedipus showed his mental strength when he was asked a riddle from the sphinx. He also showed it when he was a prosperous king. Antigone was more even-tempered than Oedipus but they were both very stubborn people. Judging by the actions and personalities of Antigone and Oedipus, one can see that relatives have numerous similarities and few diffe

Risk & Uncertainty - Microeconomics 3rd Year Essay

Risk & Uncertainty - Microeconomics 3rd Year - Essay Example The expected utility function has some very convenient properties of analysing choice under uncertainty. Since to insure or not to insure is a choice we can apply it to an insurance problem. Indifference curves is used to measure utility or level of satisfaction as will be seen later. An individual’s certainty equivalent (CE) of a lottery is the amount of money that the individual is willing to pay to avoid the risk of the lottery i.e. to get the expected value (EV) instead of the lottery. For a risk averse individual CE 0 for all lottery. In the real world insurance is not actuarially fair. In the previous example it was assumed that the insurance did not charge anything to cover operating expenses or to allow for profit. In the cases that follow a loading factor is added to cover operating expenses and thus makes insurance actuarially unfair. This implies that ∠ > EV of the insurance benefit. The options available to the individual is a lower line with slope = p1/p2. At the initial point E is larger and therefore the line is lower. An indifference curve through the original point yields the diagram above (right). In diagram above (right) E (fixed loading) is larger this implies x = 0 with fixed loading and the optimal choice is no insurance in this case as the indifference curve lies above the actuarial line which is suggestive that it does provide the level of utility required by the individual. It is optimal for the consumer to choose F where w – (1 + m)px = w – L + x – px –mpx which implies x = 1 (representative of full insurance). A fair line F implies that an indifference curve is tangent to the line at F. see diagram (left)

Kew gardens by virginia woold Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kew gardens by virginia woold - Essay Example Impressionism considers the commonplace, and the snail in Kew Gardens is any day commonplace; so are the leaves and the pebbles, flowers and butterflies. Both the movements advocate powerful exercises in bold bright colours. Kew Gardens records strong intermittent flashes of colours by way of its beautiful images. Impressionistic works perceive movement as an immediate result of human experience. Woolf was keen on exploring the theme of movement in the natural and human world; especially in the human psyche. The inspired art work manifests this flurry of movements: the falling leaves, flitting butterflies, hesitant snail and the centric human torso that persists as a burrow of all-flowing thoughts, words, voices. The obscured human image in deliberate unfriendly black and brown, which on closer look is an optical illusion image, represents Woolf’s multiple characters and their tunnel of thoughts going berserk at various angles. It brings out the poignant isolation against the backdrop of the ravages of the Great War. Considering the image to be a female, it signifies the loneliness/widowhood a lot of women had to undergo following the war. If not, the image assumes the psyche of an alienated mind which is so palpably represented by all the characters, especially the senile man, William, Simon and the ponderous maid. The human profile also delineates the theme of introspection. The snail that is prominently depicted in the canvas is not a symbol of lethargy and despair. Rather it reflects a sense of purpose and optimism. The art work successfully encapsulates this idea by catching its profile in mid air, looking up and deciding. The display of reflections in natural light is a downright characteristic portrayed well in that-era work. The art work has successfully captured the shimmer of reflected light in hues of the red, blue and yellow petals that stud the corner crust of the canvas. Post-impressionistic genre believed in retaining the basic shapes and geometrical patterns as shown by the art work. There are heart- and tongue-shaped leaves, and the pebbles, butterflies, snail are depicted in clean sharp strokes. THE SHORT STORY Linear narrative takes a back foot in Virginia Woolf’s writing and she generously employs stream of consciousness and interior monologue to build up her story. Kew Gardens is set against the backdrop of an estranged world produced by the war and industrialisation. The reader has to plumb for the social context in which Woolf chose Kew Gardens. The garden was beautified by successive directors to reveal a Victorian glory. However, the war dealt a severe blow where the garden space was cultivated to cater to the food shortage. Its image was affected and modernist writers like Woolf couldn’t help sourcing this fractured view in their writing. Woolf offers us a splendid ironical treatment by choosing the setting of Kew Gardens-a place where people come for respite and recuperation. She emphasises geometrical patterns and deflected light. Thus the garden becomes an ironic symbol where human drama is rejected and the manufactured natural space becomes a walking ground for alienation and restive existence. The companionship of each pair is ironic too. They’re with each other but actually walk the ground alone. The old man may be the conventional spectacle of senility but we find that one in each pair at varying points of time

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 20

Case study - Essay Example This is because there was a lack of team approach and communication deficits among the doctors and most healthcare workers. The different specialists who treated his various ailments lacked concern about what their counterparts did and this only compounded Mr. Roberts’s problems. He also notes that although there were ample medical records, consultants hardly reviewed the information within meaning that prescriptions they made and treatment they offered was questionable and not comprehensive enough. This resulted in wastage on valuable resources due to replication of prescriptions and reproduction of ineffective therapeutic plans. Physicians and patients hardly communicate well and this only exacerbates a medical situation. Treating all patients equally is said to have cost Mr. Roberts’s brothers life. Moreover, lack of assertiveness and ignorance among patients is a factor that contributes to untimely death and worsening of medical conditions. Ability for patients to ascertain true qualifications of physicians is very important (Gillies, 2003). Mr. Roberts we are told had to travel for more than 100 miles to get treated by the right physician. Hence, patient’s knowledge play a very important role in enhancing their

Case Study of Changing the Business Model of NovoCure Ltd

Case Study of Changing the Business Model of NovoCure Ltd Introduction: Novocure is a privately held medical device company focusing on the treatment of various types of cancers. It has developed NovoTTF 100A device that uses specially tuned, low intensity electric fields called Tumor Treating fields to disrupt the divisions of cancer cells. The Tumor Treating fields are applied to the tumor region using non-invasive insulated electrodes placed on patients scalp. The electrodes which look like bandages are attached to a battery operated portable device that generates the fields. NovoTTF 100A device has completed pivotal trials for Recurrent Glioblastoma successfully. NovoCure needs to transform itself quickly from a research oriented organization to commercial business once it receives the Pre-Market Approval for the treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma using NovoTTF 100A. This would require several capabilities to be built within a short time frame. A new business model needs to be developed. Tumor Treating Fields is an oncology therapy that needs to be delivered by a portable hardware, which apparently is a new delivery model for the oncologists, neurosurgeons and even for patients for that matter. There are various challenges which need to be addressed with this business model especially how this therapy should be provided to patients. NovoCure needs to choose a distribution and service delivery model, billing and reimbursement process. NovoCure also needs to ramp up its manufacturing and establish a supply chain management process to ensure reliable product availability. It also has to build patient and physician support infrastructure around the world. NovoCure has the potential to generate huge revenues from the cancer treatment using Tumor Treating Fields technology. NovoCure had to find a way to finance their path to market. NovoCure would also like to retain commercial rights to all possible cancer indications. But, getting to the future needs funding. NovoCure would need an additional $35 million to file the PMA application for recurrent glioblastoma, complete the non small cell lung cancer pilot trial and complete the two year enrollment of the pivotal trial for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. There were three options available for NovoCure which included attracting additional venture capital firms, approaching a strategic corporate partner and/or attracting a significant angel Investor. Recommendation 1: Attract a strategic corporate partner to fund $35 million to get to the future. Since the elements of the strategic fit of NovoCures Tumor Treating Fields with the chemotherapy manufacturers is apparent, NovoCure is expected to generate significant interest among the manufacturers of chemortherapy agents. NovoCures TTFields technology can be used to make chemotherapy more effective. TTFields could be prescribed in conjunction with the chemotherapies. This can provide an advantage to NovoCure because NovoCure can exploit the existing elaborate global distribution infrastructures of the pharmaceutical companies to market therapies to oncologists and patients. The commercial life of TTFields is long compared to the chemotherapy drugs. As a result TTFields can make each drug better in its turn as the new chemotherapy drugs are developed. Since NovoCure is not really keen on licensing out any of its target cancer indications, NovoCure can approach in-house venture funds of the large pharmaceutical companies like Pfizer, Johnson Johnson and GlaxoSmithKline which have established investment organizations managing significant assets. These funds will not only bring equity financing, but also the credibility and halo effect of having passed the inspection by a leading industry player. The leading venture capital firms who are known for making quick decisions were at a stand-still due to the liquidity crisis when NovoCure was in a critical stage. As a result raising additional venture capital was not an option. Although attracting venture philanthropy is a feasible option, NovoCure will not get the advantage to exploit the global distribution infrastructures which is apparently available when they attract a strategic partner. As a result NovoCure should attract a strategic partner to fund for $35 million to go forward. Recommendation 2: Hire Management Consulting teams to analyze existing business problems/challenges and develop plans for improvement. NovoCure needs to transform itself quickly from a research oriented organization with only 38 employees worldwide to commercial business. This transformation would result in many changes and create many challenges which need to be addressed. NovoCure might need assistance from a Management Consulting firm which is experienced in Change Management assistance. The Change Management needs a structured approach to be followed to transform Individuals, teams and organizations from a current state to desired future state. It is an organizational process which is aimed at helping employees accept and embrace changes in their current business environment. Various types of organization changes where NovoCure might need assistance are strategic changes, technological changes, structural changes and changes in the attitudes and behaviors of personnel which can be provided by experienced Management Consulting firms. If we look at the statistics, Annual occurrence of human glioblastoma in only United States, Europe and Japan is 20,000 25,000 cases. Apart from these countries, if NovoCure wants to expand to the Asian Markets as well, there will be a huge influx in demand once the PMA approval for recurrent glioblastoma is obtained. In this case, NovoCure might have to set up their bases in different parts of the world for manufacturing the devices. It also needs to focus on providing support infrastructure, choosing product delivery model and choosing payment services. In this case, NovoCure might need assistance from a Management Consulting firm which can bring their experience to plan for development of coaching skills within the organization and operational improvement services. NovoCure can try to adopt the Supply Chain and Operational model which is implemented by the successful companies like Dell or Wal-Mart for the Operations process which will be very crucial after the PMA approval with the help of experienced Management Consulting Firms. Recommendation 3: Invest on Innovation, Research and Development to start trials on different forms of cancer in parallel and to provide price and product differentiation for various types of cancer treatment. One of the major issue/draw back with NovoCures Tumor Treating Fields device is that the cost of the device is exorbitantly high. It would be difficult for NovoCure to reach wide customer base (Customers in this context will include physicians who will prescribe the treatment/device, drug stores who will distribute the device and patients who will use the device) with such a high price. NovoCure needs to investigate in its Research and Development to innovate on producing price and product differentiation. Although the Product is portable, it is comparatively big especially because it has to be worn throughout the day. NovoCure needs to reduce this patient treatment time and also try to reduce the size and weight of the product. Cancer can occur for various types of patients depending on age, stages of cancer and medical condition. NovoCure can innovate on these lines by providing different versions of the product for different age group, stages of cancer and different medical conditions. Ex: Very young age / Old age and Individuals with prolonged medical problems need to be provided a product with extensive features to cure their disease. If NovoCure has to expand to Asian Markets where there is a huge population of middle class people, NovoCure needs to provide this Price and Product differentiation to customize products and charge customers closer to their reservation price. Although NovoCure is conducting clinical trials for different types of cancer, this process needs to accelerated. Innovation and Clinical trials for different types of cancer needs to carried in parallel. NovoCure need to hire skilled individuals from all over the world for this process. The Management Consulting firm would help NovoCure in this whole process. NovoCure needs to expand its RD base and start clinical trials for different types of cancer in this way. Summary: NovoCures Tumor Treating Fields Technology can be used effectively as Blue Ocean Strategy to Market their products especially because of minimal side effects compared to other chemotherapies. NovoCure needs to raise funds for conducting clinical trials which can be achieved by attracting a strategic investor. Once they raise funds, they also need to analyze and solve the business challenges which can be done and taking help from Management Consulting firms. NovoCure also needs to continue its innovation process to roll out different products with price and product differentiation to reach wide customer base. With NovoCure, World can be a better place for cancer patients to live in and the Cancer Patients all over the world can say Never, never, never give up.

Childrens Ability to Differentiate Between Real and Fantastical Entiti

Introduction In the field of developmental psychology, children have become a popular interest. By studying such changes children go through in the early stages of childhood, researchers provide better knowledge and insight on how these changes influence the actions and behaviors of children. It has been identified by many that during these stages, children have rapid mental and cognitive development. Likewise, during this time children are thought to easily confuse reality and fantasy. This paper will consist of two reviews involving two different studies which assesses the children's ability to differentiate between fantasy and reality. One will determine how fantasy/reality distinction evolves with age, while the other investigates children's perception of storybook entities. Both focus on children's ability to categorize specified objects/people/events. Article One - Purpose, Hypothesis & Goal of Study It is believed that a basic component of human cognitive skills is the ability to differentiate between reality and fantasy. Traditionally, children were assumed to confuse the boundaries between them. Yet, previous research has shown that three year olds are able to make reality/non-reality distinctions. The first article, published in 2004 describes a study performed by Sharon & Woolley. They hoped to provide a new viewpoint at a preschooler's level of fantasy/reality differentiation. They believed that children have a better understanding of these boundaries than most people assume. Believing that children have an understanding of what is "human" and what is not, which they use to determine whether entities are real or fantastical. The main goal of their study was to show this possibility, by exploring what childr... ... impossible allows for a broader understanding of what can be considered as real or pretend. Both studies show that increased exposure to fantasy based activities, improve their ability to differentiate and likelihood to question the reality status of various entities/events. It is also important to note that environmental and social factors play a key role in what children believe is real, especially if "false truths" like Santa Claus are instilled by a dominant figure in the child's life. References Sharon, T. & Woolley, J.D. (2004). Do monsters dream? Young children's understanding of the fantasy/reality distinction. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22, 293-310. Woolley, J. D. & Cox, V. (2007). Development of beliefs about storybook reality. Developmental Science, 10 (5), 681-693. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00612.x

Heritage Assessment Essay

What is a heritage assessment? A heritage assessment is a subpart to the overall nursing assessment. Assessing a patient’s heritage allows the nurse to obtain more information about a patient’s culture, including beliefs about health and values, this is important to providing cultural health care. One’s heritage includes information about their cultural beliefs and practices of the family and ethno religious community (Jarvis, C. , 2012). Through a heritage assessment the nurse can obtain a vast amount of information about the patient/ family, including but not limited to, where ancestors were born, how many siblings they have, if the family originated in another country, how often time is spent with family, religion, if the patient prefers the company of people with the same values and religion or ethnic background, what type of foods the patient prepares, and the patient’s native language. This paper will discuss what the author learned from completing a heritage assessment tool, the usefulness of a heritage assessment tool when assessing a patient/ family/ community as a whole. This paper will also compare the health traditions of three different families (and cultures) to include, health maintenance, health protection, and health restoration, while identifying common traditions based on the author’s heritage. What the families ascribe their traditions to will also be discussed. To begin, what was learned from the heritage assessment tool and why it is useful to apply a heritage assessment in evaluating the needs of a â€Å"whole† person should be discussed. Useful information and insight was gained from completing the heritage assessment tool. Once complete, there were lots of negative responses noted, meaning, the author has very little identification with her traditional heritage. It should not be assumed that everyone identifies with their traditional heritage; this could in turn result in the delivery of poor health care and/ or education. If you are not already familiar with your beliefs and practices the heritage assessment tool is very helpful in getting you there, and helping you learn more about what heritage is. When evaluating the needs of a â€Å"whole† person a heritage assessment is useful and necessary. One of the most important reasons that a heritage assessment is useful is because it helps practitioners in providing culturally appropriate health care. Discovering what cultures and beliefs you are facing through appropriate assessment is very important. The culturally competent nurse must have knowledge in four areas: (1) your own personal heritage (which one can discover through the heritage assessment tool), (2) the heritage of the nursing profession, (3) the heritage of the health care system, and (4) the heritage of the patient (utilization of a heritage assessment tool is also helpful). Throughout nursing education various types of physical examination and assessments are learned, including, health history, mental health assessment, and nutritional assessment. However, depending on the patient’s heritage the information you gather may vary widely, therefore a heritage assessment must be an integral part of a complete physical and health assessment (Jarvis, C. , 2012). Next, health traditions will be discussed. Health traditions vary greatly amongst different cultures. The three areas to be discussed for the purpose of this paper are; health maintenance (how families maintain health and prevent illness); health protection (what measures are taken to protect the body from illness); and health restoration (what is done to restore the body o the prior level of functioning after an illness). Three families from different cultures were interviewed about the three areas mentioned. The cultural backgrounds included that of the author (African American), Mexican American, and Caucasian American. The findings of the interviews are identified in the table below (information including but not limited to what is listed). These families of different cultures ascribed their health traditions to different things. The African American family states that their health traditions are passed down by elders (grandparents), of both sexes. The Mexican American family ascribes their traditions to the women of the family, stating that it is a female responsibility to pass down traditions regarding heath. The Caucasian American family states that they received their knowledge of health from what is or has been proved by science, and usually each mother of the household is responsible for the health of the family.

Describe What Is Meant by a Positive Environment Essay

A positive environment is one that supports all aspects of development, learning and provides ways for practitioners to extend on that, challenging children and promoting times for them to rest. It also means an environment where parents, colleagues, all work in partnership to actively make opportunities for children to achieve positive outcomes. Development: Physical development This is mainly about physical skills.Children need to master a lot of different types of movements as they grow, including: large movements- being able to control their head, arms and legs, known as gross motor movements; moving around and balancing – being able to walk, jump and move around, known as locomotive movements; Fine movements – being able to control their hands and make their hands and eyes work together, known as fine motor movements. Communication and intellectual developmentThis is about the way that children learn to talk and understand others as well as the way in whitch they l earn to think and work things out. Social, emotional and behavioural development This is about the way that children learn to play and be with others. It is also about the way that they learn to express their feelings and learn to control their behaviour. Whatever age group or setting you are working with, you must plan an environment that encourages the development of the whole child.First of all you think about the different settings that children and young people aged 0-16 years may experience. These settings have both indoor and outdoor physical spaces that need to be considered. The layout of the physical environment is your team’s responsibility and contributes to giving each child positive outcomes in their learning, and development. The available space will influence the way the furniture and equipment is set out. While it is important to create an attractive environment, everything should be safe, secure and have purpose that supports each area of the children

Paper Products Corporation Essays - Marketing, Office Equipment

Paper Products Corporation Essays - Marketing, Office Equipment Paper Products Corporation Mary Miller is the marketing manager for Paper Products Corporation and she has to decide whether she should allow her largest customer to buy some of Paper Products? file folders and market them under their own name (Natcom Inc.) rather than the FILEX brand used by Paper Products. Mary is afraid that if she doesn?t accept the offer, the customer will find another file folder producer. Mary really only has two options; accept the offer from Natcom or refuse the offer from Natcom. There is a certain degree of risk involved with either option and she needs to decide which option is the safest for Paper Products Corporation. If Paper Products refuses the offer they are putting themselves in a position to possibly lose 30 percent of their business, approximately 12 million dollars per year. Even if Natcom continued purchasing their other supplies from Paper Products, and only quit purchasing file folders, the business would lose approximately 4.2 million dollars per year. If Mary decided to take the offer from Natcom, and allow them to sell Paper Products? file folders with their name, she would be going against company policy and it would not be easy to change this policy. It would be very easy for Paper Products to accommodateNatcom?s offer because they have excess capacity. If they turn down the business, Natcom could go to another producer and cut into Paper Products? sales at Natcom stores. Another benefit of this offer is that Paper Products would not have to spend any marketing dollars to acquire this new business. Natcom came to them with this offer and it did not cost Mary Miller, or Paper Products anything. According to the marketing concept, Mary should accept the offer from Natcom. As marketing manager, Mary should identify what the customer needs, and make Paper Products Inc. the best company at satisfying those needs for a profit. In this case the customer is Natcom and they obviously need to market a line of file folders with their name attached. This need should be clear to Mary because her customer has now approached her three times with this request. Mary will need her expert marketing skills when she tries to sell this idea to Bob Butcher, Paper Products president. Mr. Butcher is primarily interested in the development of new products but he will most likely be interested in this proposal since it deals with his companies? biggest customer. There will have to be a policy change for Paper Products Inc. concerning the corporate policy of refusing dealer-branding requests. Paper Products implemented this policy because they wanted the success of their products to depend on the quality rather than just a low price, but only 40 percent of their file folder products are in a specialized line while the other 60 percent are relatively homogeneous shopping products. The success of the homogeneous file folders will be very dependent on the price rather than the quality, therefore this policy depending on quality rather than low price needs to be revised. Mary should also approach Mr. Butcher about using some more of the company?s available money for the promotion of their existing brands. Paper Products needs to pull some of their money out of new-product development and attempt to achieve some market penetration. Although 60 percent of the current market does sound appealing, they may be able to grab some of the remaining 40 percent with some good promotions and market penetration.

Influenza as a Viral Infectious Disease Research Paper

Influenza as a Viral Infectious Disease - Research Paper Example Natural hosts of this virus are wild aquatic birds and it can be transmitted to the domestic poultry and infect human. Influenza B virus is less virulent, and it has only one serotype. It usually infects human and does not have other natural hosts. The human receives immunity to this virus in early ages, but still, it doesn’t give us lasting immunity as the virus mutates. Influenza C is less spread and is transmitted to human, pigs, and dogs. (CDC,2014) Aerosol transmission is the most common way of the spread of influenza virus. People can be infected when they inhale aerosols that contain viruses. The other way of transmission is direct one when mucus from an infected person gets in eyes, nose or mouth of a healthy person. Also, it can be transmitted through immediate contact with contaminated surfaces. The main symptoms of influenza are fever, temperature runs up to 38-39 C, fatigue, aching muscles, headache, dry cough, runny nose. Usually, people recover in one to two weeks after appropriate treatment. But sometimes complications such as pneumonia may occur.( Cowling BJ,2014) Influenza is a quite ole disease as it was preserved throughout human history. The first evidence of influenza pandemic was observed in Russia in 1580 and then spread to Europe. The highest amount of people was infected during the Spanish flu pandemic in 1918-1919 and it caused approximately 20 million deaths worldwide and 500.000 deaths in the United States. There were a lot of different symptoms and this disease was misdiagnosed as cholera or typhoid. Lately was observed that symptoms were provoked by bacterial pneumonia. Other influenza pandemics were not so huge. Among them was an Asian flu pandemic in 1957 that caused 70.000 deaths in the United States, Hong Kong flu in 1968 provoked 34.000 deaths in the United States, Russian flu in 1977 and 2009-2010 flu pandemic. Therefore, influenza is an infectious disease that causes by a virus. It is a quite common disease nowadays. Children and elderly are at the highest risk. Influenza transmitted through the air and immediate contact w ith contaminated surfaces. There were a lot of influenza pandemics that cause a high rate of deaths all over the world. They included Spanish flu, Asian flu, Hong Kong flu. To prevent influenza trivalent and the quadrivalent vaccine is available that provides immunity against different influenza virus subtypes. The most effective and safe treatment of influenza contains such medicines as oseltamivir, zanamivir, amantadine, and rimantadine.

THeater Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

THeater - Assignment Example Although it is not the purpose of this brief response to elaborate upon the ways in which a playwright or filmmaker can attempt to differentiate without deviating to greatly from the original inspiration, it must be understood that one of the more effective means that this can be accomplished is by subtly yet clearly differentiating the characters from the original in such a way as they provide a level of understanding and nuance as compared to the work to which they are referencing. Within this brief analysis, the author will consider the means by which two of the characters in Rough Magic are distinctly differentiated and represented in a unique way as compared to two of the characters within William Shakespeare’s The Tempest. Finally, at level of analysis will also be given with regards to whether or not this author believes that Rough Magic has the innate potential to be a great film. With regards to the first character which will be discussed, that of Prospero, Rough Magi c portrays him in an entirely different light than did William Shakespeare within The Tempest. Within Shakespeare’s play, Prospero is portrayed as a bellowing, drunken, and un-poetic brute. This of course as a unique dynamic Shakespeare’s play the fact that the other characters are invariably forced into action and reaction based on the bombastic and rather infantile choices and actions that Prospero makes. Without deviating too far from the Shakespearean interpretation of Prospero, Aguirre-Sacasa defines him in a more nuanced manner as individual caught between an ongoing family feud in which he must take an active part. Rather than setting Prospero apart as the embodiment and personification of evil, the playwright reveals a more postmodernist interpretation by which absolute good or bad is not laid squarely upon the character of Prospero (Rough Magic, pg 4). In such a way, the level of differentiation and the means by which absolute good and bad are determined withi n Aguirre-Sacasa’s play as compared to Shakespeare’s are definitively noted with regards to the totality of Prospero’s character. In much the same way, the character of the Ariel is differentiated from William Shakespeare’s character as well as. Whereas the Ariel of Shakespeare’s play is something of an ethereal demigod that is suffered the torture of imprisonment, the Ariel of Aguirre-Sacasa’s play takes upon many of the less than favorable qualities that are somewhat unexpected. It is the understanding of this particular author that the main reason for doing this was to create something of a differential regards the way in which Shakespeare presented the character as compared to the way it was presented within this particular flight. In short, the representation of Ariel within William Shakespeare’s The Tempest was the quintessential woman scorned. Although the same can be true with regards to Rough Magic, the key differential is th at the damsel in distress dynamic is far less evidenced (Rutter, 2003) Within such an understanding, Ariel are self comes represent a horrific and terrifying creature that is